Daoism is a philosophical and religious tradition from ancient Chinese culture It is centered on the concept of “dao,” or “the way”—a concept that encapsulates a number of values such as spontaneity, fluidity, modesty, and harmony. It emphasizes the importance of living in accordance with nature, and its followers strive to be humble and accepting of the natural order of things.
In literature, the famous Tao Te Ching, written by Lao Tzu in the sixth century BCE, is the most well-known example of Daoism. In it, Lao Tzu speaks of the importance of nature and of the need to accept what cannot be easily understood. He wrote, “The softest things in the world overcome the hardest things in the world. That which has no substance enters where there is no space. Therefore, I know the value of non-action.”
Another example of Daoism in literature is the Zhuangzi, a fourth century BCE text written by Zhuang Zhou. In this text, Zhuang Zhou discusses the idea of wuwei, or “non-action,” and how it is key to achieving the harmony and balance of Daoism. He wrote, “If you want to be a great leader, you must learn to follow the Tao. Stop trying to control. Let go of fixed plans and concepts, and the world will govern itself.”
In film, the 1996 movie The Last Emperor is a great example of Daoism. This historical drama follows the life of the last emperor of China, Pu Yi, as he comes to terms with the changing political environment. Throughout the film, Pu Yi is faced with difficult decisions, and ultimately chooses to reject the power of his throne and accept the way of life of a commoner. In so doing, he embodies the ideals of Daoism, that is, humility, acceptance, and respect for nature.
In history, the most notable example of Daoism is the life and teachings of Huangdi, the “Yellow Emperor” who is said to have reigned in China during the third millennium BCE. He was a great leader and is credited with introducing many elements of Chinese culture, including Daoism. His philosophy focused on living in harmony with nature and rejecting any form of tyranny.
Finally, the most famous historical example of Daoism is the life and teachings of Confucius, a philosopher from the fifth century BCE. Confucius taught the importance of following the moral order of things and of remaining humble and respectful to one's superiors. He wrote, “Virtue is not left to stand alone. He who practices it will have neighbors.”
In conclusion, Daoism is an ancient Chinese philosophy and religion that emphasizes living in alignment with nature. Its five best examples in literature, film, and history include the Tao Te Ching, the Zhuangzi, The Last Emperor, Huangdi, and Confucius.