A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an information system It describes the processes, data stores, and external entities that influence or are influenced by the system. Data flow diagrams are used to visualize and analyze the movement of data throughout the system. By representing the data flows in a visual way, DFDs help to better understand complex systems and identify areas for improvement.
Example 1: Inventory Management
Inventory management systems are used in a variety of industries to improve the tracking, accuracy, and control of inventory. These systems are designed to store, manage, retrieve and report on items ordered, in-stock, and in-transit. A simple data flow diagram for an inventory management system would include input, process and output elements. The input elements would represent the people or systems entering orders into the system, such as website customers or vendors. The process elements might include a purchasing module, item tracking, handling of returns, etc. The output elements could include customs, inventory reports, and vendor notifications.
Example 2: Electronic Medical Records
Electronic medical records (EMR) systems are used by hospitals, clinics, and private practices to manage patient data. A data flow diagram of an EMR system could involve a variety of components. Inputs might include patient information, doctor's orders, diagnostic orders, and laboratory results. Processes would include medical coding, order fulfillment, and security protocols. Outputs could include patient bills, insurance claims, and prescriptions.
Example 3: Online Shopping
Online shopping systems allow customers to shop online without having to visit a physical store. A data flow diagram of an online shopping system could include a variety of components. Inputs might include web orders, payment information, and shipping addresses. Process elements may include product selection, payment processing, and order fulfillment. Outputs could include invoices, shipping notifications, and replenishment orders.
Example 4: HR Management System
Human resource (HR) management systems are used to manage employee data and information. A data flow diagram for an HR system would include inputs, processes, and outputs. Inputs could include employee data, job applications, and performance reviews. Processes could include payroll processing, employee development, and team management. Outputs could include employee reports, performance reviews, and personnel records.
Example 5: Manufacturing Plant
Manufacturing plants use computer systems to track production, scheduling, and materials. A data flow diagram for a manufacturing plant could include a variety of components. Inputs might include supplier orders, project plans, and production schedules. Process elements might include resource management, quality control, and order fulfillment. Outputs could include product tracking, inventory reports, and shipment notifications.