Ethical reasoning and theory is the application of principles of ethics to solve practical ethical problems It is a process of reflection and analysis, rooted in core ethical values, to identify and evaluate ethical options and to reach decisions that are ethically defensible and reflect moral values and ideals. Ethical reasoning and theory is an important part of ethics education, since it helps individuals to make decisions that are in accordance with the values and beliefs of society.
One of the most common examples of ethical reasoning and theory is the Utilitarianism concept. Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism, which holds that the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome. It is based on the concept of "the greatest good for the greatest number of people". In this theory, an action is deemed ethical if it brings the most benefit to the largest number of people.
Another example of ethical theory is deontology. This theory is based on the concept of duty and right. It is concerned with the moral obligation of an individual to act in accordance with their duties, regardless of the potential outcome or benefit. Deontology is grounded on the belief that moral principles should be respected and acted upon, even if it will result in a disadvantageous outcome.
A third example is virtue ethics, which is based on the idea that moral judgement should be made according to the character traits of the individual acting. This theory states that moral judgement should be based on the attributes and virtues of the individual, such as honesty, courage and wisdom, and not on the potential outcome of their action.
The fourth example of ethical reasoning and theory is Social Contract theory. This theory is based on the principles of mutual agreement and cooperation. It is grounded on the idea that society is formed through an agreement between individuals, and that these individuals have an obligation to act in accordance with the rules and regulations established by the group.
Lastly, there is the Kantianism theory of ethics. This theory is based on the thoughts of German philosopher Immanuel Kant, and is sometimes called duty ethics. Kantianism states that moral decisions should be based on principles of duty and respect for the individual, rather than on the potential outcome. This theory states that one should not do harm to another to achieve a desired outcome.
In conclusion, ethical reasoning and theory is an important part of ethics education, as it helps individuals to make decisions that are in accordance with the values and beliefs of society. There are many different examples of ethical reasoning and theory, such as Utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, social contract theory, and Kantianism. All of these theories focus on different aspects of ethics and morality, and serve to guide individuals in making ethical decisions.