Neutralism is a political ideology that promotes neutrality in international conflicts It seeks to prevent nations from becoming involved in wars by maintaining strict neutrality and non-aggression. Neutralists have a pacifist outlook and believe that violence, especially warfare, should be avoided and that nations should strive to maintain a peaceful status quo. They are typically against military intervention and are in favor of international organizations that promote peace and cooperation, like the United Nations.
One of the most famous examples of neutralism is Switzerland's neutrality during World War II. Switzerland declared that it would not take sides, either militarily or politically, in the war. This neutrality was maintained even as Germany occupied neighboring countries, and it allowed the country to remain an independent and democratic nation during the war. Despite economic and political pressures, it was able to stay true to its neutrality and avoid becoming part of either side in the conflict.
The Republic of Ireland is another example of a nation that practiced neutrality. The Irish Free State declared its neutrality in 1939, and this policy was maintained throughout the rest of the war. Ireland was able to protect its citizens from the violence and destruction of the war while remaining neutral and maintaining diplomatic ties with all belligerent nations.
Austria also maintained neutrality during World War II. In 1938, when Germany annexed Austria, the country declared its neutrality in order to avoid becoming involved in the war. This neutrality was maintained until 1945 when the country was occupied by Soviet forces.
Finland is another example of a neutralist nation. Although Finland fought against the Soviet Union during World War II, it declared its neutrality in 1944 in order to avoid further conflict. After the war, Finland worked to maintain peaceful relations with its neighbors and avoided aligning itself with either the East or the West during the Cold War.
Finally, Sweden is a well-known example of a neutralist nation. Sweden declared its neutrality in the Napoleonic Wars and throughout World War I and II. Sweden was able to avoid involvement in the wars while still trading with both sides, and it maintained diplomatic relations with all countries throughout the conflicts. This neutrality allowed the country to remain independent during the wars, and it has continued to be neutral ever since.