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Pneumothorax is the medical term for an accumulation of air in the space between the lung and the chest wall This air accumulates due to a tear in the lung tissue, leading to a partial or full collapse of the affected lung. A pneumothorax can be caused by a medical condition, such as COPD, or asthma, or can be caused by an injury, such as a gunshot wound or a rib fracture. It can also be caused by medical procedures such as biopsy or thoracentesis. A pneumothorax can be a life threatening condition and requires immediate medical attention. The best example of a pneumothorax is a spontaneous pneumothorax. This occurs when air enters the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall due to a tear in the pleura, the tissue that lines the lung. This can be caused by a condition such as COPD or asthma, or by trauma such as a rib fracture or gunshot wound. Symptoms of a spontaneous pneumothorax can include chest pain, shortness of breath, and a feeling of pressure on the chest wall. A second type of pneumothorax is a traumatic pneumothorax. This occurs when air enters the pleural space due to a penetrating injury such as a gunshot wound. Symptoms of a traumatic pneumothorax can include chest pain, difficulty breathing, and a feeling of pressure on the chest wall. A third type of pneumothorax is a tension pneumothorax. This occurs when air enters the pleural space due to a tear in the lung tissue, but the air is unable to escape due to a pressure imbalance in the chest cavity. Symptoms of a tension pneumothorax can include difficulty breathing, chest pain, and a feeling of pressure on the chest wall. A fourth type of pneumothorax is a iatrogenic, or medical procedure-related, pneumothorax. This occurs when air enters the pleural space due to a medical procedure, such as a biopsy or thoracentesis. Symptoms of an iatrogenic pneumothorax can include chest pain, difficulty breathing, and a feeling of pressure on the chest wall. The fifth type of pneumothorax is a open pneumothorax, or a sucking chest wound. This occurs when air enters the pleural space due to a tear in the chest wall, and the air is unable to escape due to a pressure imbalance in the chest cavity. Symptoms of an open pneumothorax can include chest pain, difficulty breathing, and a feeling of pressure on the chest wall. In all forms of pneumothorax, medical treatment is necessary. Treatment can involve the insertion of a chest tube to release the air and restore balance in the pleural space. In some cases, surgery is needed to repair the damaged tissue. Pneumothorax is a potentially life threatening condition, and understanding its causes and symptoms is essential in preventing and treating it. While there are many causes of pneumothorax, the five best examples are spontaneous pneumothorax, traumatic pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, iatrogenic pneumothorax, and open pneumothorax. Treatment for pneumothorax typically involves medical intervention, and in some cases, surgery.