Smallpox is an infectious disease caused by the variola virus that until recently, was responsible for significant human suffering and death The virus is spread by contact and by air, which makes it highly contagious. Symptoms of smallpox include fever, weakness, and a rash that eventually turns into pus-filled lesions and scabs. In the past, it was a major cause of death and illness, but in 1979, it was declared to be eradicated thanks to vaccination.
One of the most famous and devastating examples of smallpox in history is its impact on the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. The disease was brought to the New World by European settlers in the 16th and 17th centuries, and it spread like wildfire among Indigenous people who had no natural immunity. The virus quickly killed millions of people and weakened entire communities. It was thought to be the leading cause of death among Indigenous peoples in North America due to its high fatality rate.
The American Revolutionary War also had its impact from smallpox. It spread among British soldiers, who then passed it on to the American colonists. The resulting epidemics caused an estimated 40,000 casualties during the war and contributed to the colonists’ victory.
The French Revolution was also impacted by smallpox. The virus spread quickly among the French people, killing an estimated 100,000 in just a few months. The disease was so widespread that it became known as the ‘great pox’ and added to the political turmoil of the time by weakening the French people and causing widespread panic.
The Napoleonic Wars between France and Great Britain were also affected by smallpox. During the conflict, the disease spread among soldiers on both sides, with an estimated 130,000 French soldiers and more than 20,000 British soldiers succumbing to the virus.
The 18th Century was known as the ‘Age of Smallpox’ due to its widespread impact around the world. It is estimated that between two and three million people were killed by the disease every year during this period. It was one of the leading causes of death in Europe, Asia and Africa.
Smallpox has had a lasting impact on the world. It has led to significant deaths and suffering, and its eradication has been an important milestone in public health. Thanks to vaccination, it is now possible to protect against the virus and make sure it does not spread again.