Cutting fluid is a liquid or gas substance used to lubricate and cool the cutting area of a tool or machine during the operation of machining, sawing, and grinding It is also known as machining fluid, coolant, or simply cutting oil. It is highly important for cooling, lubrication, and slurry removal, enhancing tool life and work-piece surface quality. Cutting fluids are available in a variety of natural and synthetic materials, with different properties and applications.
The five best examples of cutting fluid are:
1. Mineral Oil: Mineral oil is the most commonly used cutting fluid. It is derived from petroleum, and is often used in low-speed machining operations. It offers excellent cooling, protection from rust and corrosion, and good lubrication. However, it has poor heat transfer properties, so it needs to be changed frequently.
2. Water-Based Fluids: These are often used for high-speed machining processes. They are usually composed of emulsifiers, stabilizers, film-forming agents, corrosion inhibitors, and lubricants. They provide excellent cooling and good lubrication, and are easy to use and clean-up.
3. Semi-Synthetic Fluids: These fluids are a combination of petroleum-based oils and water-soluble components. They offer good control of heat and wear, and can reduce foam and misting.
4. Synthetic Fluids: These are the most advanced cutting fluids; they are composed of high performance synthetics such as polyalkyl glycol and polyglycol esters. They provide superior cooling and rust inhibition, excellent lubrication and can reduce misting and foam.
5. PAG’s (Polyalkyl Glycol): These are used in low-speed machining and grinding processes. They are highly lubricating and have superior heat transfer capabilities, offering excellent cooling and wear protection. They also have good rust and corrosion inhibition.