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Eddy currents are electrical currents that are induced in conductive materials in response to a changing magnetic field They are also known as Foucault currents, named after French physicist Jean-Bernard-Léon Foucault, who first demonstrated them in 1825. Eddy currents can be created in solids, liquids and gases, and their effects on electrical and magnetic fields can be used in a variety of applications. Eddy currents arise from the Faraday’s law of induction, which states that a changing magnetic field will induce an electric current within a conductor. As a magnetic field is changed in a conductor, electrons move to create eddy currents. These currents flow in circles around the magnetic field lines, and create their own magnetic field. This opposing magnetic field, known as the Lenz’s law, opposes the original magnetic field and reduces its strength. This phenomenon is known as eddy current dampening. The five best examples of eddy currents are as follows: 1. Electric Motors: Eddy currents are widely used in electric motors. In a typical motor, a rotor is spun in a loop of wire and a changing magnetic field is created. This induces eddy currents that create their own opposing magnetic field. This opposing field interacts with the rotor, creating a torque that causes the rotor to spin. 2. Electrical Generators: Eddy currents are also used in electrical generators. Here, a rotating magnetic field inside the generator’s stator induces eddy currents in copper coils. This creates an electric current that can be used to power electrical devices. 3. Magnetically Levitated Trains: Maglev trains are powered by eddy currents. The train is propelled forward by a powerful magnet that is positioned underneath the train car. As the magnet moves forward, eddy currents are induced in the train car, creating a force that pushes the train forward. 4. Metal Detectors: Eddy currents can be used to detect metal objects, such as coins or jewelry. A changing magnetic field is passed over the area to be searched, which induces eddy currents in the metal objects. This field is then measured by the detector, allowing it to locate the metal objects. 5. MRI Scans: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that relies on eddy currents. A powerful magnetic field is passed through the body, creating eddy currents that can be measured and used to create a clear image of the body’s internal structure. These are just five of the many applications of eddy currents. This technology is used in a variety of industries and is one of the most important types of electrical currents. Its applications range from electric motors to medical imaging, and are key to the functioning of many everyday devices.