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The Gettier problem is a philosophical issue that focuses on the nature of knowledge and the idea that knowledge must be certain and justified It was first introduced in Edmund Gettier’s 1963 paper, “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?” as a challenge to the traditional definition of knowledge. The traditional definition of knowledge states that knowledge is justified true belief. In other words, knowledge is composed of three key components: a belief that is true, a belief that is justified, and a belief that is held with certainty. The Gettier problem serves to challenge this idea by proposing that there may be cases of knowledge that involve true belief that is justified, but which are not based on certainty. The five best examples of the Gettier problem are as follows: Example 1: Smith has a friend who works at a bank and knows that the bank has recently hired a new employee, Jones. Smith believes that Jones is the new employee at the bank and is certain that this is true. However, Smith is mistaken, as the bank actually hired someone else. Example 2: Smith’s neighbor, Brown, owns a car that is identical to the one that Smith owns. Smith believes that the car Brown owns is his own car, and is certain that this is true. However, Smith is mistaken, as the car that Brown owns is actually a different car. Example 3: Smith is a fan of the local football team and believes that the team has won its latest game. Unfortunately, Smith is mistaken, as the team has actually lost the game. Example 4: Mary has heard a rumor that the local theater is going to show a movie that she loves. She believes the rumor and is certain that this is true. However, Mary is mistaken, as the theater is actually showing a different movie. Example 5: Smith reads an article in the newspaper that states that the president will be making an announcement later in the day. Smith believes the article and is certain that this is true. However, Smith is mistaken, as the president announces something else entirely. The Gettier problem is a philosophical issue that poses a challenge to the traditional definition of knowledge, which states that knowledge is justified true belief. These five examples demonstrate that there may be cases of knowledge that involve true belief that is justified, but which are not based on certainty.