Matriarchy is a term used to describe systems in which women, or mothers, are the primary rulers in society Matriarchy is traditionally defined as a form of social organization in which the mother is the head of the family and usually has authority over other family members. Matriarchal societies are known for their strong emphasis on female solidarity, and they typically place decision-making and rule-making power in the hands of women.
One of the earliest known matriarchal societies is the Minoan civilization that existed on the island of Crete. This society was ruled by a female ruler, likely the queen of the island, and her court of priestesses. Women in this society enjoyed a high level of respect and had a major role in the economy, politics, and religion. Additionally, art and religious iconography from this era suggests that women were considered powerful figures in this society and perhaps even held higher positions than men.
The Iroquois Confederacy is another example of a matriarchal society. This society was comprised of five Native American tribes that inhabited what is now known as the northeastern United States. Within the society, women were responsible for passing down lineage, electing leaders, and making decisions about the tribe. Women were also responsible for the spiritual well-being of the tribe, as they were often seen as the givers of life and had a major influence in religious ceremonies.
The Mosuo people of China are also a matriarchal society. In this society, women are the primary decision makers in the home, and property and assets are passed down through the female line. Women also make up the majority of the labor force and occupy positions of power and respect in the community. Men in the Mosuo society are expected to care for children and generally have less of a role in decision making.
The Khasi people of India are another example of a matriarchal society. In this society, women are considered to be the head of the family and are given ultimate authority over property and resources. This society is also known for its matrilineal descent and matrilocal residence, where property and children are passed down through the female line and newly married couples typically live with the bride's family rather than the groom's family.
Another example of a modern matriarchal society can be found in the Republic of Vanuatu. This society is made up of four matrilineal tribes that are led by women. Women in this society are responsible for making decisions about economic resources, land, and political issues. Additionally, women in this society are seen as spiritual leaders, and they are responsible for organizing and leading religious ceremonies.
The preceding examples are just a few of the matriarchal societies throughout history and in the present day. Other examples can be found in the Mosuo people of Tibet, the Hmong people of Laos, and the Garo people of Bangladesh. While matriarchal societies are not as common as patriarchal societies, they have existed throughout history and are still present in many parts of the world today.