Nihilism is a philosophical outlook that rejects the concept of objective truth, moral values, or even an understanding of reality Nihilists view life as essentially meaningless, as there is no purpose to existence beyond what is created by humans. The nihilist argues that any belief system, including organized religion, is merely a source of comfort for the individual and does not reflect any external reality. Despite its bleak outlook, nihilism has been influential in modern literature, providing a nihilistic perspective from which to examine the human condition.
One of the earliest examples of nihilism in literature is Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel “The Brothers Karamazov”, written in 1880. This novel follows the story of Dmitri Karamazov and his three brothers, who are all in competition for the inheritance of their father’s estate. The novel’s protagonist, Ivan Karamazov, is a nihilist, who expresses his doubt about the existence of God and the meaning of life. Despite his nihilistic outlook, Ivan is ultimately unable to commit suicide and instead chooses to accept life and its uncertainties.
Another example of nihilism in literature can be found in the works of Franz Kafka. His novel “The Trial” follows the story of Joseph K., who is arrested and tried for an unspecified crime. Throughout the novel, Kafka presents a world without justice or meaning. In this world, the protagonist's efforts to understand the nature of his crime are futile and eventually lead to his death.
The novel “The Stranger” by Albert Camus is another example of nihilism in literature. The protagonist, Meursault, is a man who is indifferent to the world around him. In his apathy, he comes to view life as meaningless and hopes to find some sort of meaning in death.
The play “Waiting for Godot” by Samuel Beckett is another example of nihilism in literature. This play follows two men, Vladimir and Estragon, who wait endlessly for a man named Godot, who never arrives. Through the course of their wait, the men come to view life as essentially meaningless, as they are unable to find any meaning in their lives.
Finally, Joseph Heller’s novel “Catch-22” is a classic example of nihilism in literature. The novel follows a US Air Force bomber pilot named Yossarian, who is desperate for an honorable way out of the military. However, the military bureaucracy creates insurmountable obstacles for Yossarian, leaving him with no choice but to remain in the service. As a result, Yossarian is unable to find any meaning in the absurd situation he finds himself in.
In conclusion, nihilism is an influential philosophy in modern literature. It is a bleak outlook that rejects the concept of objective truth or moral values, while providing a nihilistic perspective from which to examine the human condition. Some of the best examples of nihilism in literature can be found in the works of Fyodor Dostoevsky, Franz Kafka, Albert Camus, Samuel Beckett, and Joseph Heller.