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The Petrov Affair refers to a series of events that began in April of 1954, when Vladimir Petrov, a Soviet diplomat stationed in Australia, requested asylum from the Australian government Petrov’s defection eventually lead to dramatic series of events, uncovered a Soviet spy network that had been operating in Australia for several years and brought about the resignation of Australia’s Prime Minister, Robert Menzies. One of the most significant occurrences of the Petrov Affair was the revelation of a code-breaking machine, the Vernam Cipher, that was discovered among Petrov’s possessions. This revolutionary cipher machine was acquired by the Australian government and allowed them to decode encrypted messages that had been sent by the Soviet spy network. This information was instrumental in the investigation of the Soviet spy network and in the ultimate dissolution of their plot. Another key event of the Petrov Affair was the Valerie Gunn and Eileen Foley espionage case. Gunn and Foley were two members of the Soviet spy network that had been uncovered by the Australian government and were subsequently charged with espionage. They were both sentenced to imprisonment for their involvement in the Soviet plot and their testimony provided the Australian government with crucial information about the other members of the spy network. A third important event of the Petrov Affair was the subsequent resignation of Prime Minister Robert Menzies. Faced with the struggle of managing the ever-growing political scandal, Menzies was forced to resign his post in the midst of public outcry and scrutiny. His resignation ultimately brought an end to the Petrov Affair and signified the end of the Soviet spy network in Australia. The fourth momentous event of the Petrov Affair was the hearings held in the early months of 1955. During these hearings, the details of the Soviet spy network were revealed to the public and provided a detailed account of the events and people involved in the plot. This information was used to further investigate the network and to bring an end to the Petrov Affair. The fifth and final event of the Petrov Affair was the release of the official report surrounding the affair in August of 1955. This report provided an in-depth account of the scandal, its participants and its implications, providing a comprehensive overview of the events of the Petrov Affair. This report was instrumental in ensuring that the full extent of the Soviet plot was exposed and that its participants were held accountable for their actions.